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Dog Soldiers
The Dog Soldiers or Dog Men (Cheyenne ''Hotamétaneo'o'') was one of six military societies of the Cheyenne Indians. Beginning in the late 1830s, this society evolved into a separate, militaristic band that played a dominant role in Cheyenne resistance to American expansion in Kansas, Nebraska, Colorado and Wyoming, where the Cheyenne had settled in the early 19th Century.
After the deaths of nearly half the Southern Cheyenne in the cholera epidemic of 1849, many of the remaining ''Masikota'' band joined the Dog Soldiers. It effectively became a separate band, occupying territory between the Northern and Southern Cheyenne. Its members often opposed policies of peace chiefs such as Black Kettle. In 1869, most of the band were killed by United States Army forces in the Battle of Summit Springs.
In the 21st-century, there are reports of the revival of the Dog Soldiers society in such areas as the Northern Cheyenne Indian Reservation in Montana and among the Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribes in Oklahoma.
== Cheyenne tribal governance ==
The two central institutions of traditional Cheyenne tribal governance were the Council of Forty-Four〔Greene 2004, p. 9.〕 and the military societies, including the Dog Soldiers. The Council of Forty-Four was the council of chiefs, comprising four chiefs from each of the ten Cheyenne bands, plus four principal〔Hoig 1980, p. 11.〕 or "Old Man" chiefs, known to have had previously served with distinction on the council.〔 While chiefs were responsible for overall governance of individual bands and the tribe as a whole, the headmen of warrior societies maintained discipline within the tribe, oversaw tribal hunts and ceremonies, and provided military leadership.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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